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To cut through some of this confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to divide it into two components. On the one hand, you have bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code which represents ownership of an electronic concept type of like a virtual IOU. On the other hand, you've got bitcoin-the-protocol, a distributed network that maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The system enables payments to be sent between users without passing via a central authority, such as a bank or payment gateway. It is created and held electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, for example dollars or euros theyre made by computers all around the world, using free software.
It was the very first instance of what we call cryptocurrencies, a growing asset class that shares some features of traditional currencies, with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software developer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto proposed bitcoin in 2008, within an electronic payment system based on mathematical evidence. The idea was to generate a means of exchange, independent of any central authority, which may be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable manner.
Bitcoins most important characteristic is it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It's maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run through an open network of dedicated servers spread around the world. This brings individuals and groups that are uncomfortable with all the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin solves the dual spending issue of electronic currencies (in which electronic assets can readily be copied and re-used) through an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. With bitcoin, the integrity of these transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can attempt to manipulate a currencys value relative to other people. Holders of this currency (and especially citizens with very little alternative) bear the cost.
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With bitcoin, on the other hand, the supply is tightly controlled by the underlying algorithm. Even a small number of new bitcoins trickle out every hourand will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a maximum of 21 million has been attained. This makes bitcoin more appealing as an asset in concept, if demand grows and the supply remains the same, the value will increase. .
Even though senders of traditional electronic payments are usually identified (for verification index purposes, and to comply with anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in concept operate in semi-anonymity. Since there's absolutely no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is filed, the protocol assesses all prior transactions to confirm that the sender has the necessary bitcoin in addition to the authority to send them.
In practice, every user is identified by the address of their wallet. Transactions can, with some effort, be monitored this way. Additionally, law enforcement has developed methods to identify users if necessary.
Furthermore, most exchanges are required by legislation to perform identity checks on their customers before they are permitted to purchase or sell bitcoin, facilitating another way that bitcoin utilization can be monitored. Since the network is transparent, the progress of a particular transaction is observable to all.
This is because there's absolutely no central adjudicator that can say ok, return the money. When a transaction is listed on the network, and if greater than an hour has passed, then it is impossible to modify.
Even though this might disquiet some, it does mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is referred to as a satoshi. It's one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) at todays prices, about one hundredth of a cent. This may conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is a digital currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It was invented in 2008 by an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.